General Safety Standards to be follow at construction sites

The workers wear hard hats to avoid any head injuries that may occur on the job. They wear hard hats, goggles, and face masks to protect their heads and eyes. Safety shoes prevent different injuries like the pedal ankle, crush injuries, and slipping.

"Safety is paramount on a construction site and it is mandatory that you follow all the safety instructions. Personal protective equipment is a must. If you need to wear a hard hat on the job, you must wear it. Construction safety also includes safety gear that can help you identify risks on the Jobsite and that can help you prevent accidents and injuries. There are three main categories of construction safety equipment: general safety equipment, safety shoes, and helmets. The safety equipment you need depends on the type of construction job you are working."

Safety in construction is a must and should be followed strictly, Safety equipment like helmets and shoes are mandatory. We need to protect ourselves; we should keep in mind the basics of work safety. Some construction sites have basic safety equipment.

What is Construction Safety?

Construction safety is a serious topic, especially when it comes to construction site safety. As a construction worker, you should be aware of the kinds of safety practices that are performed on the site and that are implemented in order to ensure that everyone is safe and secure. Construction safety is a must and should be followed strictly. This is to ensure that you are completely safe and sound and that there is no danger to your life. Construction work can be a dangerous thing, especially if you don't follow the rules and regulations. Someone may not be wearing the right safety gear and that could cost him or her his or her life. Not wearing a helmet, or protective gear could lead to fatal injuries. A construction site is a dangerous place, construction workers are often in danger of being hurt or killed in a variety of ways. Construction is the second most dangerous occupation in the United States. Accidents that occur on construction sites often have devastating results. Accidents at construction sites cause more than 100 deaths, more than 5,000 injuries, and more than $1 billion in property damage every year, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Workers are at risk of being injured in almost any type of construction work. This risk is even higher in construction jobs that involve work at heights, the use of heavy equipment, or the handling of hazardous materials. In addition to injuries, construction workers are at risk of being killed when equipment falls, cranes collapse, or heavy materials are dropped on them.

2. How construction safety is important?

Safety in construction is a must and should be followed strictly, Safety equipment like helmets and shoes are mandatory on construction sites. Safety shoes protect the feet and toes from falling objects, electrical shock, cuts, and impact. Safety boots have steel toe caps to protect feet from crushing and compression. Safety shoes are also flat-soled to prevent rolling the foot. Safety boots protect your feet against electrical hazards. They are resistant to water, chemicals, and oil. Safety shoes and boots are essential for your safety.

3. Why Should You Worry About Construction Safety?

According to statistics, there were more than 37,000 fatal workplace injuries in the United States in 2013, and a majority of them were caused by falls, slips, and trips. If you are working in the construction industry, it is obvious that you must wear safety equipment like hard hats and steel-toed shoes. You may think that accidents happen only to other people, but you will soon realize that you are wrong. The fact is that even the most careful people suffer from accidents at work. This is why you should take the necessary precautions and protect yourself from possible injuries by wearing the right equipment.

4. Construction Safety Equipment

Safety equipment like helmets and shoes are mandatory. Construction work is very dangerous, but there are ways to make it safer. Safety equipment is one way to make construction jobs safer. In the workplace, safety is an important priority for both employers and employees. Some of the most important safety equipment for construction workers include hard hats, eye protection, steel-toed shoes, and safety glasses.

Conclusion: Construction is a physical job and the most crucial element of construction safety is the work environment.

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 Personals protective equipment (PPE) - Safety helmets, Safety shoes, Full body harness. 

White Helmets - For staff

 Yellow Helmets - For Labours

 Green Helmets - Safety Staff 

Red Helmets - For electrical and fire personals 

Blue Helmets - For mechanical personals.

-Scaffolding with skid board, toe board, base jacks, handrails, ladders (Metal only), and wooden sole plates.

- Safety nets all around the building, projecting 3 m from the face of the building. Safety officer - 1 no and safety supervisor - 2 nos for every 100 labor 

1) One full-fledged housekeeping team (5 nos) 

2) First aid room with trained first aid staff ( full time at the site).

 3) For emergencies - contact numbers display at the site. 

4) Work permit system to be followed. 

5) All machines and vehicles should produce a copy of the required documents

 6) All electrical installation should only be handled by licensed personals only. 

7) All electrical cables should be 3 core flexible cables (2.5 Sq. MM.).

 8) All the electrical distributions should be routed through the isolators, MCCB and ELCBs only. 

9) All the outdoor distributions should be connected by industrial plugs only. 

10) If using more than or equal to 3 connections in the same distribution board, separate earthing should be provided. 

11) All power isolation devices shall disconnect power from all conductors ( 3 phase & neutral) when switched off. 

12) While doing electrical work the workers should wear leather hand gloves. 13) The electrical lines for construction works should be taken overhead only. 

14) All laborers & workers should be provided with an identity card. 

15) During the night work all the workers and laborers should wear the reflecting jacket and should take the night work permit before 15 hours of the same day. 

16) During the working hours one vehicle exclusively for emergencies should be available at the site. 

17) The excavated area should be covered with variation as per requirement. 

18) The site should be provided with necessary sign boards as per requirement. 

19) All vehicles' speed limit is 20 km/hr at the site. 

20) Toilet facilities for workmen at the site.

21) Drinking water facilities should be provided at the site for labor.

22) Urinary facilities should be provided at the site for labor.

ANTI TERMITE TREATMENT

 

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The objective of this blog is to cover the aspects of construction anti-termite chemical treatment in trenches/pits and below floors, junctions of walls, and floors. The use of construction anti-termite chemicals for the treatment of wood is a highly effective but risky process. The chemicals termite control companies use to exterminate termites can be particularly hazardous to humans when not handled properly. Building or homeowners should be extra careful when they are treated with termite control chemicals.

Call for chemical treatment of wall and floor cavities for termite prevention is a must for any building. Beforehand you need to know the exact area of the building where the treatment is to be done. Re-construction can be used to calculate the area that needs to be treated. Anti-termite chemicals are usually injected into small holes in the walls or floors of homes that are in termite-infested areas. This injection does not expose the chemical to the elements, as it does not come into contact with water. This means that it is an effective method of killing termites in your home.

Termites are a major problem in India that needs to be taken care of fast. The danger of termites is not only because of their ability to ruin your property but also because of the medical risks that they pose to your health. There is a lot of effort that goes into making sure that you do not get attacked by termites. There are chemical products that are not only efficient but are also safe for your family. You should go for the best, and there is nothing better than the best price for chemical treatment per sqm.

Types of chemical treatment for termites.

1. Termite treatment is not just about spraying a chemical over the top of your house. There are many different types of termite treatment that can be used. Each type of treatment works in a different way and is used in different situations. Below is a list of the most common types of termite treatment that we use at Pest-Tech.

2. What is the price for chemical treatment for termites per sqm.?

Rs.3 to Rs 5 per Sqm

3. How long does the chemical treatment last?

Chemical treatment for termites is not a one-shot type of service. It is actually a combination of two different services, one being the application of the chemical and the other being the inspection that follows. The reason for this is that the chemical treatment that is used will not reach the underground colony of termites. The colony itself isn’t going to be exterminated by the application of the chemical. Instead, it will be what we call a barrier treatment. The chemical basically forms a barrier around your property. The termites will not be able to tunnel through it but they will also not be able to be exposed to it. The barrier that is created is going to last for a year or two. You will have to reapply it or get regular inspections to make sure that the termites haven’t changed their behavior or somehow found a way around the barrier. The inspector will look for the presence of termites and he will also be looking for any fungal growth. He will look for any wood that is damp or wet as well.

Pre-Construction anti-termite chemical treatment in trenches/pits and below floors, junctions of walls and floors. The external perimeter of the building and surrounding conduits/pipes of the building are mentioned against items as stipulated. Anti-termite treatment shall be done through an approved specialized agency that is a member of the “Indian Pest Control Association” holding a valid license as per clause 13 of the “Insecticides Act 1968”. Persons employed to do the anti-termite treatment shall be qualified as per the rule framed under the “inspection rule” 1971. 

The specialized agency may be one that is located and active in the area with prior approval of the site engineer. Anti-termite shall be carried out with emulsion of the chemical chlorpyriphos or lindens 2cc purchased directly from the manufacturer or his authorized agents. Purchase vouchers and necessary test certificates shall be produced before the employer for verification and defacement against the contract. 

The employer will not be allowed to use the chemical aldrin, heptachlor, and chlordane. In view of the ban imposed by the government, the chemicals used for anti-termite treatment shall be treated as propriety items and the quantity procured in sealed containers shall be recorded in a measurement book duly signed by site engineers and contractors indicating the batch number and purchase voucher reference. 

 The defects' liability period of anti-termite treatment will be 10 years & the contractor shall be responsible to keep the entire building free from termite infestation for a period of 10 years from the date of taking over the completion of the building. Should the employer at any time during the construction or prior to the expiry of the said guarantee period of 10years find that the buildings have been infested with termite, the contractor on demand in writing from the employee will forthwith undertake to carry out such treatment which may be necessary to render the buildings free from termite infestation at his own expense until the expiry of the guarantee period of 10 years? The guarantee shall also be applicable to woodwork & joinery as specified hereinafter. a. 

The chemical shall be procured only from the manufacturer or their authorized agent/dealer. b. Chemical brought to site in sealed containers bearing ISI certifications, and marks shall only be permitted to be used. c. Chemicals shall be stored extremely carefully at the site. Seals of containers shall be broken only in the presence of engineers.

 Employers should ensure that paid vouchers are procured by the agency executing the work for the full quantity of chemicals required and brought to the site & records of such vouchers should be kept by the engineers. d. Tests may be carried out in a recognized laboratory or test house at the description of the employer for the chemicals brought in by the agencies executing the work to satisfy that spurious materials are not being used & such testing charges shall be borne by the contractors. A copy of ISI 6313-2 should be made available at the site by the contractors. e. Treatment shall be carried out generally in accordance with the stipulation laid down by IS 6313 –part II or latest.

 

How to Start work of excavation

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Excavation: The Contractor after obtaining the "Construction drawing" from the Architects and Engineers office will orient the building according to the center line drawing using his own specific instruments and the same will be cross-checked by the Engineer-in-Charge. The contractor has to assist him with all tools and plants necessary for checking. The bottom level of excavation for foundations shall be inspected and passed before foundations are constructed. 

 The bottom of all excavated areas shall be trimmed, leveled, watered,  and well rammed. Any undulations in rocky bed including blasting if any, have to be leveled by the contractor at his cost, and for filling in pockets and undulations no extra quantity or rate will be allowed to the contractor. For bailing out water, the contractor will not be paid any extra payment. Only vertical excavation shall be done. No undermining is allowed. The excavated loose earth is to be deposited away by at least 1.50 meters or width of excavation whichever is more. In a classification of soils, the architect's version is final and binding. 

 The rates for earthwork in excavation include the following works and these shall not be measured and paid separately under excavation, viz., 

 1) Setting out works profiles etc. 

 2) Site clearance, such as cleaning grass and vegetation. 

 3) Unauthorized battering\benching. 

 4) Forming `dead man' or leaving steps etc. 

 5) Excavation for insertion of planking and strutting. 

 6) Removal of slips or falls on earth.

 7) Bailing out water due to rains or sub-soil water. 

 8) Slinging or supporting pipes, electric cables, etc., met during excavation. 

 Filling: 

1. Deposit in horizontal layers not exceeding 200 mm thick before compaction. 

 2. Each layer shall be uniformly moist and at the optimum moisture content for compliance purposes. 

 Compaction: 

1. Compact filling after grading and leveling surfaces.

 2. Compact filling in layers, adding any necessary extra fill and water, to attain the minimum dry densities as tabulated in the table appended at the end of this Section. 

 3. The Architect will inspect each layer of fill after compaction. Do not place further layers without approval. 

 4. Compact filling using a vibratory plate, roller, or other approved equipment, making the required number of passes with the equipment to obtain specified densities. Each trip of equipment shall overlap the previous trip by 500 mm. 

 5. Confine compaction operations to areas adequate in size for establishing an orderly pattern of compaction. 

 6. Grade the top surface of filling after compaction to give a uniform surface within specified tolerances. 

7. Necessary core cutting test shall be conducted by the Contractor as per IS Standards at his cost.

The excavation process for a building is one of the most important components and a very critical part of the construction project, hence it is best done by professionals who have years of experience in undertaking this work. The excavation process is done by contractors who have expertise in drilling and blasting rocks. Excavation is the only stage in construction works that occurs in the open field and hence is an important activity in the construction process. Usually, Excavation Contractors are the first contractors to start their activities on-site and get penalized if the excavation is not completed within the fixed time period. To avoid penalties and to fulfill the requirements of the Engineer-in-Charge, the Excavation Contractors have to execute the excavation works diligently and reach the depth specified in the depth shaft. Hence Excavation Contractors need to execute the works with perfection and need to be very careful about the quality

1. Soil Investigation:

Soil investigation is the systematic examination of the soil's physical, chemical, and other properties at a particular location. This process is carried out in order to understand the soil’s physical characteristics and its suitability for a certain construction. The goal of soil investigation is to find out, among other things, the soil’s bearing capacity, the soil’s moisture content, and the soil’s load-bearing capacity. This information is then used to help determine whether or not the soil is suitable for construction and the types of foundation that should be used for the specific construction. A soil investigation is often required when planning the construction of a new structure, especially a building. Soil investigation is a process of collecting information about the soil that is to be used for the construction of a building. The information that is collected is based on the characteristics of soil, which is obtained by analyzing the soil samples. This investigation is a must in any type of construction process, even though the reasons are different. It is a more important process when the site of construction is a low-lying area or an area that is prone to floods. However, even if these are not a concern, it is still a good idea to carry out a soil investigation.

2. Excavation and Deep Drilling:

The Excavation is done by the Contractor who is paid by the cubic meter. The Contractor will not start the work until he gets the go-ahead from the Engineer-in-Charge. The output of this work is ready ground to receive the foundation and if the soil is a bit hard, the Contractor will do deep drilling to make it softer. In this case, the contractor will be paid by the depth of the hole. If the foundation is a slab, the Contractor will excavate the soil to the required level and will leave some extra "bumpers" to make sure that the slab is not damaged.

Every construction project begins with digging. If a structure is to be built on an empty piece of land, the first step is to excavate the site. To dig out the earth for construction or mining purposes, you need to have the proper equipment. The job of an excavator is to remove soil from an area. It can be as easy as digging out a small hole or as complex as digging a trench across a big open space. The end goal of excavating is to remove the soil, bring it to the surface and place it elsewhere. So the first thing you need to do is to determine the depth of the hole you need to dig. The depth of the excavation will determine the type of equipment you need to use. Depending on the depth of the hole, you may need to hire a deep boring contractor