Vision to see reinforcement work and check if there is a problem

 

Before Checking the reinforcement it's very necessary to know the basics of reinforcement role in concrete. steel ( reinforcement ) which has the property of tensile is provided where there are tensile loads ie: beam, slab, cantilever, and also column ( although the column has a more compressive load it also has lateral loads also). 

Moving on to how much steel is required in concrete?  It depends on the type of concrete structure. it varies from 30 kg / m3  to 100 kg / m3

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Checking the footing steel:- 

1) Footing steel should have a proper cover

2) Footing steel should have proper spacing ( c/c )  

3) Checking the diameter of the bar 

4) Checking the numbers of bars for column 

5) The equal distance from footing edge to column steel center.

6) Column steel should have proper stirrups 

Checking the column steel:- 

1) Column steel should have a proper cover

2) Column steel should have a proper number of bars

3) Overlap should not come at the same place for all bars

4) Overlap should be 50 Dia 

Checking the beam steel:-

1) Numbers of bars should be as per the design 

2) No bar should touch the shuttering, it should have a proper cover 

3) Beam rings should be tied properly and should be in proper alignment ( tilting should not be there )

Water Tank reinforcement:- 

1) Water tank base slab beam and tank wall reinforcement should have a properly developed length.

2) Champher bar should be there at the base slab and tank wall.

3) Extra cover should be present in water tank reinforcement.

4) Cross reinforcement should be there at the manhole cover.

Physical and chemical properties have to be checked before purchasing steel material, the ultimate tensile strength will be a minimum of 8 % more than the actual 0.2 %  proof stress or yield stress but not less than 545 n/ mm2  for Fe500 and elongation not less than 12 % 

 

Precast Concrete is an appealing choice for a variety of projects. The structure is designed and built in a factory, which helps to prevent costs and time. A team of professionals manages the project at every step of production, from design to execution. All the equipment needed to cast the reinforced concrete is also provided in the factory.

I am writing the below article on this topic and I am sharing it with you. Hope you will like it...

All over the world, concrete reinforcement is common for all structures. For construction, it is a basic need for concrete structures. It is part of any structure's creation. To find out concrete reinforcement costs you can visit our website. In this article, I will discuss the different aspects of concrete reinforcement and how the quality of concrete can be improved by reinforcement.

This blog will also look at how to design concrete reinforcement and how to improve the quality of concrete. Concrete Reinforcing steel is a vital component of concrete. It has to be done in such a way that it gives strength to concrete. If you follow certain guidelines while laying the concrete you can get concrete of good quality. Without proper concrete reinforcement, concrete may crack. So, you have to get the concrete right.

1. Why proper concrete reinforcement is important?

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials and is widely used in the construction of roads, bridges, buildings, dams, runways, and many other structures. Concrete is a very strong material, but to make it stronger, we use steel reinforcement bars. The most common type of steel used for reinforcement is mild steel, which is cheap and easy to weld. The steel reinforcement gives extra strength to the concrete and helps it withstand compression and tension. Reinforcement is known as the part of concrete which is used to provide the stability and strength of the concrete. The stability and strength of the concrete heavily depend on the reinforcement used in the concrete. In proper concrete reinforcement is important for the proper load-bearing capacity, load distribution, and durability. Proper concrete reinforcement is important for the proper load-bearing capacity, load distribution, and durability.

2. What is a binding wire?

A binding wire is a wire that is used to bind the reinforcement bars together. It is typically made of galvanized mild steel and comes in different sizes and forms. The size of the wire depends on the size of the reinforcement bars that are being bound together. The binding wire is often attached to the reinforcement bars using a binder, which is a type of wire connector. The reinforcement bars are bound together using the wire that is wrapped around the bars and the binder is used to hold the wire in place.

3. What are the types of proper binding wires?

Reinforcing bars are used in concrete to increase their strength and durability. Reinforcing bars are also known as rebars, and they are steel bars that are used in concrete to increase their strength and durability. The most common rebars are made of steel and are produced by rolling steel billet into a cylindrical shape.

4. Why proper cover is important?

Proper coverage is an important factor to consider while laying concrete structures. It is an important aspect of structural design. It is the amount of concrete placed above the cover of reinforcement. It is the protection given to the reinforcement steel from exposure to weather and atmosphere, the action of traffic, and service loads. Concrete which is correctly proportioned, properly placed, and finished, with full and proper cover, is the only construction material that will provide for service loads and still withstand the destructive forces of nature. The proper coverage is considered as 1/2 of the diameter of the bars, as per IS: 456. The cover is a very important factor in concrete construction. If a concrete member is not covered properly, it may be affected by corrosion and cause structural failure. This is because the concrete corrodes on the surface, which causes the steel in the concrete to rust, which in turn causes the steel to lose its strength. The loss of strength will cause the concrete to crack and fail. The concrete will crack because the rusting steel expands, and the concrete surrounding it contracts. This causes the concrete to crack and fail. The concrete will fail because it has lost the steel’s strength, which means that the concrete is no longer capable of supporting the load it was designed to bear.

Conclusion: Proper reinforcement and cover to the same are very important to get desired results. It can be done by using different types of binding wires with proper cover.

Virus GUIDELINES AND SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS for Construction

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PLANNING PHASE:

 • Plan construction phases avoiding large groups of workers and unnecessary overlap of crews. If the work plan was developed prior to the Virus outbreak, consider reviewing and adapting when necessary; 
 • Basic Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) related to construction safety such as gloves and glasses should be provided to workers depending on the tasks they are assigned to. In addition, each worker 
 • Additional handwashing stations including the provision of clean water and soap, together with cleaning and disinfection products may be required for construction sites opened prior to the outbreak. For new construction site, plan and budget provision of these items
 • Preferably, every worker should be provided with a basic set of tools needed for the tasks they are assigned to. Using the same tool by multiple workers should be avoided. If tools are shared or stored for later use by another person, they need to be disinfected/cleaned. 
• Plan to engage workers coming from the close proximity to the facility being built (possibly from the same block) and avoid involving labor from farther away camps or villages. 

PREPARE YOUR WORKFORCE: 

 • Prevention messages should be printed and clearly displayed on site. Consider providing an additional printed copy of the key prevention messages for all workers to disseminate to their families.
 • Workers should be clearly informed on protocols to follow in case they or their family members get sick. 
• Workers should wear a reusable or surgical mask. 
• Workers should be requested to maintain a physical distance of 2 meters (6’) from others as much as possible and to adhere to the other suggested practices for infection prevention and control, in particular: - Wash your hands regularly with clean water and soap for at least 20 seconds, or clean them with a hand sanitizer; - Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands; - When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth with a tissue and throw it into the closed bin immediately. - Do not spit. 
 • Working gloves are sometimes worn to protect against injuries during some activities, but they do not offer any protection against transmission of viruses and should be considered as unwashed hands in terms of minimizing touching one’s face. 
• Workers should not greet each other with handshakes or embraces at any point during the day. 
• If workers are operating in an area where sick or suspected infected people are currently or recently transited (in the previous 3 days), they should wear masks and disposable gloves at all times. 
• Advice workers to wash their clothes frequently (daily if possible). 

 ACCESS TO SITE: 

• Only essential visitors (workers, supervisors, and managers) should be allowed on site;
 • Programme/monitoring visits should be reduced to the minimum and should be planned when workers are not on site (i.e. lunch or prayer time). 
 • Fence off the construction site to ensure no one can enter or approach the workers without authorization and the workers and other constructions staffs do not enter the existing building area without authorization. 
• Entry and exit gates should be clearly marked and guarded; 
 • Body temperature should be measured for all persons entering the site. 
• Allow enough space for people to queue in a safe manner at the entrance of the site while they wash their hands and get screened. 
 • A trained staff should be designated to guard the access, checking the temperature of workers and visitors and enquiring about the overall health condition and vulnerability; 
 • Ensure there are sufficient hand washing stations at the entrance and that they have water and soap, as well as clearly display signs requesting persons entering to wash their hands. 
 • Anyone falling in one of the following categories should not be allowed on site: - Has a family member suspected virus patient living in the same household or self-isolating, or if s/he has got in close contact with a confirmed Virus patient in the previous two weeks. S/he should not report on-site and self-quarantine at home for two weeks. - Is showing one or more symptoms related to a virus (high temperature, new persistent cough, shortness of breath). S/he should not report on-site, stay home and self-isolate or seek medical care in case of severe symptoms. - Is a vulnerable person (by virtue of age, clinical/health condition, or pregnancy). 
 • All persons should wash or clean their hands before entering and leaving the site. 
 • Workers should be encouraged to reach the site using individual modes of transportation and avoid public transport when possible during construction 
 • To the most possible extent, workers should maintain a physical distance of 2 meters (6’) from others at all times. Performing activities that must be conducted in close proximity should be avoided when possible. If these activities must take place, workers should wear masks.
 • If possible, construction crews should be segregated and tasks allocated so they do not overlap it is suggested to establish crew shifts to be also applied for break, lunch, and prayer time. 
• If a worker develops virus symptoms on-site, the following actions should be followed: - Avoid touching anything; - Cough and sneeze into a tissue and put it in a closed bin, or in their flexed Elbow in case they don’t have issues; - Return home and self-isolate, or seek medical care in case of severe symptoms. - All surfaces and tools s/he may have recently touched should be cleaned and Disinfected. 
 • In spaces where queuing may happen (including latrines and handwashing stations), consider marking a safe distance of 2 meters (6’) on the ground or railings. 
• Meetings on-site should be avoided at all times. Instruction to workers should be given in open spaces and maintain a physical distance. 
• If construction activities happen in an enclosed space, the site should be ventilated as much as possible, for example leaving doors and windows open during the working day.
 • Due to potential sudden access restrictions, all materials and equipment should be carefully and safely stored before leaving the site at the end of every day.
 • When receiving and unloading goods and construction materials, workers should keep their distance from the drivers at all times. When possible, drivers should remain in their vehicles. If drivers must unload the goods for safety reasons, they should do so without the help of the workers and they should wash or clean their hands before and after. Any contact between deliverers and receivers should be avoided (including delivery papers and pens for signature, etc.). It is recommended that everyone needs to sign paperwork and have their own pen or wash their hands after. 
 • Provide safe drinking water dispensers and one-time cups, or encourage workers to carry an individual cup.
 • All solid waste (excluding construction materials) should be put immediately in closed bins or closed bags and not left for someone else to clear up.

Steel Fibre for Concrete

HOOKED END STEEL FIBRE   Base MSH 10050, Hooked End Steel Fibres are designed specifically for the reinforcement of concrete, mortars, and other cementitious mixes. base MSH 10050 is a cold drawn wire fiber, hooked end to provide optimum performance within the concrete mix. Base MSH 10050 Hooked End steel fibers are ASTM compliant and specifically designed to meet or exceed the defined performance requirements. 

FEATURES & BENEFITS 

 ∙ Provides uniform multi-directional concrete reinforcement 

 ∙ Increases crack resistance, ductility, energy absorption, or toughness of concrete 

∙ Improves impact resistance, fatigue endurance, and shear strength of concrete 

 ∙ High tensile strength fiber bridging joints and cracks to provide tighter aggregate interlock resulting in increased load-carrying capacity. 

 ∙ Provide increased ultimate load-bearing capacity which allows possible reduction of the concrete section ∙ Requires less labor to incorporate into concrete than conventional reinforcement 

 ∙ Offers economical concrete reinforcement solutions with greater project scheduling accuracy 

 ∙ Ideally suited for hand or vibratory screeds, laser screeds, and all conventional finishing equipment. 

PRIMARY APPLICATIONS ∙ Ground-supported slabs ∙ Jointless Floors ∙ External roads & pavements ∙ Manhole Covers.

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 COMPLIANCE 

 ∙ Conforms to ASTM A820, Type I cold drawn wire 

∙ Testing conforms with ASTM A820 TYPE Hooked End NOMINAL DIMENSIONS: GEOMETRY Base MSH 10050, Hooked End Steel Fibres  

 D = 1.00 mm L = 50 mm A/R = 50 Tolerance for D/L + 10% As per ASTM 

 1 Diameter D : 1.00 mm; Length L : 50 mm; 1 Aspect Ratio L/D : 50 Hook length l & l’ : 1-4 mm 1 Hook depth h & h’ : 1.80 mm, +1/-0 mm Bending angle a & a’ : 450 1 Camber of the fibre : max 50 % of L’ Torsion angle.

PRODUCT USE MIXING DESIGNS AND PROCEDURES: Base MSH 10050 Hooked End steel fibers can be added during or after the batching of the concrete but should never be added as the first component. Such devices as conveyor belts, chutes, and dispensers may add fibers to the mixer at the ready mix plant. After the fibers have been added, the concrete should be mixed for a sufficient time (minimum 5 minutes at full mixing speed) to ensure uniform distribution of the fibers throughout the concrete. The use of mid or high-range water-reducing admixtures can be advantageous but is not essential. 

 PLACING: Base MSH 10050 Hooked End steel fibers can be pumped and placed using conventional equipment. Hand or vibratory screeds and laser screeds can be used with Base MSH 10050 Hooked End steel fibers.

 

 FINISHING: Conventional finishing techniques and equipment can be used when finishing Base MSH 10050 Hooked End steel fibers concrete. In some cases an extra bull float process is advised and lowering the angle of the power float blades will help to minimize fiber exposure on the surface.

 DOSAGE RATE: The fiber dosage will vary depending on the type of application, concrete mix design, and the performance/toughness requirements of each particular project. Typically, steel fiber dosage will be in the range of 20 kg. to 40 kg. per cubic meter. Stewols India’s technical staff can offer advice on dosage requirements once performance requirements have been established by the project designer/engineer. 

 COMPATIBILITY Base MSH 10050 Hooked End steel fibers are compatible with all curing compounds, superplasticizers, water reducers, hardeners, and coatings. 

 SAFETY: gloves and eye protection should be used when handling or adding base MSH 10050 Hooked End steel fibers to concrete. 

 PACKAGING Base MSH 10050 Hooked End steel fibers are available, as standard, in 20 kg. / 25 kg. / 30 kg. HDPE Bags or boxes. 

 

 REFERENCES ∙ ASTM A820 Standard Specification for Steel Fibres for Fibre Reinforced Concrete. ∙ ASTM C1116 Standard Specification for Fibre Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete. ∙ ASTM C1018 Standard Test Method for Flexural Toughness and First Crack Strength of Fibre Reinforced Concrete. ∙ IRC: SP:46:1997 Code of Indian Road Congress ∙ IS:12592:2002 SFRC Manhole covers

 SPECIFICATION CLAUSE Fibres for concrete shall be base MSH 10050 Hooked End steel fibers conforming to ASTM A-820M Type I and manufactured from cold drawn wire with a minimum tensile strength of 1100 N/mm2.

Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is a type of concrete that incorporates steel fibers to deliver greater strength than regular concrete. The fibers help a building withstand impacts. The concrete is also able to withstand crack formation which helps it to prevent cracks and avoid the problems that come from them. The concrete is also very light and is able to withstand the effects of fire, making it ideal for areas where fires are likely.

This blog is going to look at the properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete and how it is used. What is Structural FRC? What are its benefits over standard concrete? What are its applications? This article will attempt to address these questions.

Important:

There are many inventions that become useful products for human life. But creating new and useful products is not easy for everyone. This is important for everyone to see that with hard work and perseverance, even a simple idea can be turned into a useful product for the community.

Invention: Concrete with steel fiber.

This product is a unique material that is produced by mixing special steel fiber in the concrete before pouring. This product has many advantages:

Steel fiber in concrete is a type of steel fiber that is an organic fiber, typically made of glass or carbon fiber, and can be added to concrete to increase its strength. So when it comes to the application of the fiber content, the fiber is produced into the length of the steel fiber and it can be mixed directly with concrete to produce building materials. As its name suggests, the steel fiber adds strength to the concrete structure.

Here, we mainly introduce the structure and function of the steel fiber. In addition, the steel fiber is a kind of environmental protection building material and is also.

Concrete floor Polishing and densification

 

 1 FM 2 Flooring (TR-34, Laser Screed) SLIP MEMBRANE: Providing & Laying One layer of LDPE sheet of 200 Microns thick approved quality on leveled sub-base surface of flooring with overlapping of 150 mm on longitudinal direction & 300 mm on transverse direction joints as per direction of Engineer in charge, etc Complete.

2 Laying & Finishing Floor (Laser Screed Flooring): Levelling & compacting using Laser Screed Machine & finishing concrete surface, smooth using Ride-on trowels complete in large panel size to floor tolerances FM 2 as per TR 34 4th edition, carry out flatness by using Hydraulic Ride On trowels, bump-cutter and check rod, etc. including all tools & other equipment like Beam screed, special formwork, Timber Formwork with steel 'L' angles, imported tools for flooring, complete workable RMC with a slump of 140-150 mm at the site, in panels of approved size as per approved drawing and as directed by the Engineer in charge.

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3 Non-metallic Floor Hardener (NORMAL GREY): Supply & Spreading of Non-Metallic dry shake floor hardener, based on a dosage of 4 kg per Sqm. complete with the help of semi-automatic mechanical spread all as per manufacturer's recommendations and as directed by the Engineer. (Make BASF /SUPERFLEX -Euclid CHEMICALS/Sika).

4 PLATE DOWELS FOR CONSTRUCTION JOINTS: Providing &proper fixing of Supply of 100 x 100 x 6mm thick diamond dowels with PVC sleeves 600mm c/c spacing, including providing & fixing PVC sleeve at one end, etc. complete all as per specification & as directed by the Engineer or Equivalent.

5 CURING PLASTIC SHEET & WATER: Curing with laying of plastic sheet for curing of concrete floor surface for a minimum curing period of 10 Days. The sheet should be laid after spraying of water and with adequate overlaps. 

6 Control & Construction Joints: Providing and filling grooves with PU (Shore A Hardness 30-45) based sealant of BASF MasterFlex 474 or Euclid Chemicals Eucolastic 1NS in construction joints & controlled joints and other situations were shown in the drawing. top 10mm of section filled by sealant and below followed backer rod & sand. The rate includes the cost of all ancillary works as required, as per specifications and as recommended by the manufacturer, and as directed by the Project Manager 4 x 65 mm sectional control joint size & 4 x 15 mm construction joints

7 Isolation Joints-Wall: Providing & proper fixing of 10 mm thick compressible board for isolation joints around wall supplied by Supreme, cutting and sealing the top 10 mm of the joints with BASF MasterFlex 474 or Euclid Chemicals Eucolastic 1NS as per manufacturers specification and recommendation.

8 Isolation Joints-Column: Providing & proper fixing of 20 mm thick compressible board for isolation joints around column pedestal supplied by Supreme, and cutting, filling of top 10 mm groves with BASF MasterFlex 474 or Euclid Chemicals Eucolastic 1NS as per manufacturers specification and recommendation. 

9 REFILLING OF JOINTS POST EXPANSION Refilling of Control & Construction Joints: Refilling of joints post maximum expansion, however no later than 18 months after completion of the floor. Cutting, cleaning & refilling of joints with high hardness sealant (Make - Fosroc Nitoseal 280, Euclid Euco 700 or equivalent) and grinding the surface edges to match floor levels. The rate includes the cost of all ancillary works as required, as per specifications and as recommended by the manufacturer, and as directed by the Project Manager a Control Joint: 6 mm x 20 mm filling b Construction Joints: 8 mm x 20 mm 

10 Steel Armoured Joints @ Construction Joint Steel Armour joints for Construction Joints: (up to 200 mm thick floor) Providing & proper fixing of Steel Armour joints with 8 mm thick anchorage dowels at day end joints, complete all as per our specification & as directed by the Engineer. Fixing of Armour Joints should be with height fixing Jacks.

11 DENSIFICATION, DUSTPROOFING & 5 STEP CONCRETE POLISHING: Providing dust proofing over concrete Flooring including cleaning & drying the base surface, applying with Liquid Densifier Including 5 Step Polishing the surface with resin pads using Polishing machines with Planetary motion before handing over, etc complete all as per manufacturer's recommendations and as directed by the Engineer.

Before starting concrete polishing, one thing that is important is the preparation of the ground to be polished. This entire process is called densification and dust proofing. In this blog, you will read about 5-step concrete polishing including densification & dust proofing. Our concrete is a porous surface and is always exposed to dirt & dust. So, to get a dust-proof floor, we have to densify & dust-proof the surface.

A concrete floor can look dull & dusty because of the fact that it is a porous surface.

This is a 5 step process of making a concrete floor look dustproof. In the present-day scenario, domestic and commercial construction projects are on the rise. In order to have a long-lasting and durable project, the contractors in the construction industry use concrete heavily. However, cement is very delicate and needs to be handled with care in order to get the required results. With the help of this blog, the readers are going to learn about some important steps of concrete polishing that will help to hold a long-lasting and durable concrete floor. CONSTRUCTION: Whether you are a home builder or in the business of construction, we seek to provide you with a hint of tips and solutions that would select you to take your project to a new height of success.

What is densification?.

Densification is a way to fill up the open spaces on a concrete surface. This is a method used by many people to cover up the existing floor’s imperfections. Though densification is applied to the concrete, it is important to have a good solid concrete surface to start with. The densification works by adding a resin and filler to the concrete surface and then the concrete is re-polished to give a smooth surface. A densifier is applied to the floor and then it is left for a few hours. During this time the densifier gets soaked into the concrete and fills up the open spaces. The floor is then polished and the process is completed. The densifier can be applied to the floor a few times. This will make the concrete even denser and will make it last longer. Densification works by filling up the open spaces in the concrete. This helps the concrete surface to be more durable. It also gives the floor a neat and professional look. Densification is the method used to keep the concrete flooring dust-free & dustproof, which is created by applying a liquid densifier to the floor. Applying liquid densifiers to the concrete floor, it creates a water-tight barrier between the concrete surface and the environment. It also preserves the floor by protecting it from water damage and staining. The densifier can be either oil-based or water-based but it is best to use a water-based densifier as it is more environmentally friendly than the oil-based densifier.

What are the benefits of densification?.

One of the key benefits of densification is that it extends the life of the polished concrete. Dust, dirt, and other contaminants are sealed into the pores of the concrete, making it difficult for them to penetrate the concrete surface. By densification, concrete becomes more durable, reducing the damage and thus prolonging the useful life of the surface. Densification is the process of preparing concrete surfaces for flooring or paving. It is a wet process using liquid densifiers which are chemical solutions that are applied to the surface of the concrete. Densifiers are applied to the surface of the concrete to make it porous so that the concrete can be polished to a high gloss finish ready for flooring and paving. The concrete floor surface can be densified using a number of densifiers, including liquid acrylics, solid acrylics, epoxy resins, and urethanes. Densification reduces the strength of the concrete, so it is only applied to concrete that is not needed to bear any load.

Conclusion: Densification is different than dust proofing.